Background: The sarcopenia index (SI), calculated as the ratio of serum creatinine to cystatin C levels, reflects skeletal muscle mass and strength. Patients with hip fracture (HF) and sarcopenia have poor functional outcomes, and many require long-term care after surgery. We hypothesized that the SI can predict preoperative and early postoperative functional outcomes.
Methods: Preoperative serum creatinine and cystatin C were measured to calculate the SI for patients with surgically treated HF (n = 130, mean age: 87.8 ± 6.9 years). Walking ability before and 2 weeks after surgery was assessed, and patients were dichotomized into independent and assistance groups. To assess the validity of the SI, we examined its correlation with the quality [computed tomography (CT) value] and quantity (cross-sectional area) of the muscles around the hip on the non-operated side, which were preoperatively measured using CT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of the SI.
Results: The SI of the preoperative independent (n = 77) and assistance groups (n = 53) significantly differed (70.2 ± 12.4 and 60.1 ± 9.8, respectively, P < 0.000001). At 2 weeks after surgery, the SI was significantly higher in the independent group (n = 31, 73.0 ± 14.9) than in the assistance group (n = 99, 64.0 ± 10.7, P = 0.0003). In the preoperative independent group, 28 could walk independently after surgery (SI: 74.8 ± 14.0) while 49 required assistance (SI: 67.7 ± 10.6, P = 0.01). For patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF), the SIs were significantly higher in the postoperative independent group (78.6 ± 15.7) than in the postoperative assistance group (63.2 ± 10.9, P = 0.002). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of the SI for postoperative walking ability was 0.95 (0.91-0.99, P = 0.03). The correlations of SIs with CT values and cross-sectional areas were as follows: iliopsoas at the apex of the femoral head, r = 0.40, P < 0.001 and r = 0.49, P < 0.001, respectively; rectus femoris at the level of the lessor trochanter, r = 0.26, P = 0.007 and r = 0.37, P < 0.001, respectively. ROC analysis for predicting postoperative walking ability in preoperative independent patients with HF and FNF revealed areas under the curve (95% confidence interval) of 0.63 (0.50-0.76) and 0.80 (0.65-0.96), respectively.
Conclusions:Â In patients with HF, the SI correlated with preoperative walking ability and could predict postoperative walking ability. Among patients who could walk independently before surgery, those with high SIs could walk independently early in the postoperative period. The SI is beneficial for estimating walking ability in patients with HF.
Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid-to-Creatinine Ratio and the Risk of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Purpose: To investigate the association between serum uric acid-to-creatinine ratio (SUA/Cr) and the risk of developing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Patients and methods:Â Overall, 1434 patients with T2DM who were admitted to Hebei General Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected as the study subjects. According to abdominal ultrasound findings, patients were divided into two groups: MAFLD group and non-MAFLD group. A total of 734 patients were diagnosed with MAFLD. Participants were divided into three study groups according to the SUA/Cr ratio. Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance were used to perform a comparison between groups. The relationship between SUA/Cr ratio and MAFLD risk was analyzed using correlation analysis and regression analysis. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were performed to verify the robustness of the results.
Results:Â The detection rate of MAFLD in patients with T2DM was 51.2%, and the detection rate of progressive liver fibrosis in T2DM patients with MAFLD was 36.6%. A significantly higher SUA/Cr ratio was seen in the MAFLD group than in the non-MAFLD group. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the SUA/Cr ratio was an independent risk factor for MAFLD development. Stronger correlations were found in participants with a body mass index ranging between 23 and 28 kg/m2, HbA1C >7%, or female sex.
Conclusion:Â An elevated SUA/Cr index is independently correlated with an increased risk of MAFLD in Chinese adults with T2DM.
Early prediction of COVID-19-associated Acute Kidney Injury: Are serum NGAL and serum Cystatin C levels better than serum creatinine?
Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a high risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), often requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). Serum Cystatin C (sCysC) and serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (sNGAL) are emerging biomarkers for kidney injury, and were suggested to be superior to serum creatinine (sCr) in several clinical settings. Moreover, elevated sCysC is associated with disease severity and mortality in COVID-19. We aimed to assess the utility of sCysC and sNGAL for predicting COVID-19-associated AKI, need for RRT, and need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, when measured at presentation to the emergency department (ED).
Methods:Â Patients presenting to the ED with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included. The primary outcome was development of COVID-19-associated AKI, while the secondary outcomes were need for RRT and ICU admission.
Results:Â Among 52 COVID-19 patients, 22 (42.3%) developed AKI with 8/22 (36.4%) requiring RRT. Both sCr and sCysC demonstrated excellent performance for predicting AKI (AUC, 0.86 and 0.87, respectively) and need for RRT (AUC, 0.94 and 0.95, respectively). sNGAL displayed acceptable performance for predicting AKI (AUC, 0.81) and need for RRT (AUC, 0.87).
Conclusions:Â SCr and sCysC measured at ED presentation are both highly accurate predictors of AKI and need for RRT, whereas sNGAL demonstrated adequate diagnostic performance. While sCyC was previously shown to be superior to sCr as a diagnostic biomarker of kidney injury in certain etiologies, our findings demonstrate that sCr is comparable to sCyC in the context of predicting COVID-19-associated AKI. Given the high sensitivity of these biomarkers for predicting the need for RRT, and as sCysC is associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients, we recommend their measurement for enabling risk stratification and early intervention.
Creatinine Serum Detection Kit |
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| SKT-217-192 | Stressmarq | 2 plates of 96 wells | 410.4 EUR |
Creatinine Serum Kit (2 Plate) |
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| KB02-H1 | Arbor Assays | 2x96 well plates | 277 EUR |
Creatinine Serum Kit (4 Plate) |
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| KB02-H2 | Arbor Assays | 4x96 well plates | 454 EUR |
Creatinine Serum Low Sample Volume Kit (384-well Plate) |
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| KB02-H1D | Arbor Assays | 1x384 well plate | 395 EUR |
Multi-Species Creatinine Detection Kit for Plasma and Serum |
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| IMLCRKTPS | Innovative research | each | 395 EUR |
Serum Creatinine ELISA kit (colorimetric, all species), 96 tests, quantitative |
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| 100-300-SCR | Alpha Diagnostics | 1 kit | 343.2 EUR |
Serum Creatinine ELISA kit (colorimetric, all species), 2x96 tests, quantitative |
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| 100-305-SCR | Alpha Diagnostics | 1 kit | 562.8 EUR |
Creatinine |
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| B1717-50 | ApexBio | 50 mg | 153.6 EUR |
Creatinine |
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| CB0328 | Bio Basic | 5g | 68.35 EUR |
Creatinine |
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| GK8780-100G | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 g | 151.2 EUR |
Creatinine |
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| GK8780-25G | Glentham Life Sciences | 25 g | 74.4 EUR |
Creatinine |
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| HY-B0504 | MedChemExpress | 500mg | 129.6 EUR |
Creatinine |
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| GK8780-100 | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 | 95 EUR |
Creatinine |
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| GK8780-25 | Glentham Life Sciences | 25 | 31.7 EUR |
Creatinine ELISA Kit| Mouse Creatinine ELISA Kit |
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| EF013537 | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | 826.8 EUR |
Human Urinary Creatinine(Urinary Creatinine) ELISA Kit |
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| QY-E05390 | Qayee Biotechnology | 96T | 433.2 EUR |
Creatinine [BTG] |
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| DAGA-186G | Creative Diagnostics | 500ug | 1425.6 EUR |
Creatinine-HRP |
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| 80-1133 | Fitzgerald | 500 ul | 159.6 EUR |
Creatinine-HRP |
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| DAG-CL005 | Creative Diagnostics | 500 μl | 1248 EUR |
Creatinine(N) [HRP] |
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| DAG1075 | Creative Diagnostics | 0.5ml | 1014 EUR |
Creatinine N-HRP |
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| 80-1132 | Fitzgerald | 500 ul | 970.8 EUR |
Creatinine Assay Kit |
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| abx098422-Hitachi7020R150ml3R250ml1 | Abbexa | Hitachi 7020; R1: 50ml×3 R2: 50ml×1 | 622.8 EUR |
The effect of gender-affirming hormone treatment on serum creatinine in transgender and gender-diverse youth: implications for estimating GFR
Background: Equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on serum creatinine include terms for sex/gender. For transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth, gender-affirming hormone (GAH) treatment may affect serum creatinine and in turn eGFR.
Methods:Â TGD youth were recruited for this prospective, longitudinal, observational study prior to starting GAH treatment. Data collected as part of routine clinical care were abstracted from the medical record.
Results: For participants designated male at birth (DMAB, N = 92), serum creatinine decreased within 6 months of estradiol treatment (mean ± SD 0.83 ± 0.12 mg/dL to 0.76 ± 0.12 mg/dL, p < 0.001); for participants designated female at birth (DFAB, n = 194), serum creatinine increased within 6 months of testosterone treatment (0.68 ± 0.10 mg/dL to 0.79 ± 0.11 mg/dL, p < 0.001). Participants DFAB treated with testosterone had serum creatinine similar to that of participants DMAB at baseline, whereas even after estradiol treatment, serum creatinine in participants DMAB remained higher than that of participants DFAB at baseline. Compared to reference groups drawn from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, serum creatinine after 12 months of GAH was more similar when compared by gender identity than by designated sex.
Conclusion:Â GAH treatment leads to changes in serum creatinine within 6 months of treatment. Clinicians should consider a patient’s hormonal exposure when estimating kidney function via eGFR and use other methods to estimate GFR if eGFR based on serum creatinine is concerning.
